Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
We propose a uniform solution for a future client-side 400G Ethernet standard based on MultiCAP advanced modulation format,\nintensity modulation, and direct detection. It employs 4 local area networks-wavelength division multiplexing (LAN-WDM) lanes\nin 1300nm wavelength band and parallel optics links based on vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) in 850 nm wavelength\nband. Total bit rate of 432 Gbps is transmitted over unamplified 20 km standard single mode fiber link and over 40 km link with\nsemiconductor optical amplifier. 70.4 Gb/s transmission over 100m of OM3 multimode fiber using off-the-shelf 850 nm VCSEL\nwith 10.1GHz 3 dB bandwidth is demonstrated indicating the feasibility of achieving 100 Gb/s per lane with a single 25GHz VCSEL.\nIn this review paper we introduce and present in one place the benefits of MultiCAP as versatile scheme for use in a number of\nclient-side scenarios: short range, long range, and extended range....
Holographic recording analysis was performed on the films that were sensitized with ammonium\ndichromate with albumin of hen and quail (Gallus gallus and Callipepla cali) as abiopolymeric\nphotosensitive matrix. The samples were exposed to an He-Cd laser, = 442 nm, at various concentrations,\nand diffraction efficiencies were measured as a function to the energy, thickness, protein\ndensity, aging time, and spatial frequencies. The photosensitivity was measured as a function\nof storage time, and the gratings were recorded in real time. The photochemical processes involved\nin the formation of holographic image are described. The results indicate the behavior of\ncolloidal systems based on albumin bird build holographic recording materials....
In this study, 9 nm superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) were functionalized by\npolyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer. Using tetracholoroauric acid (HAuCl4), magnetodendrimer\n(MD) samples were conjugated by gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). Two different reducing agents, i.e.\nsodium borohydride and hydrazine sulfate, and pre-synthesized 10-nm Au-NP were used to evaluate\nthe efficiency of conjugation method. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffractometry\n(XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,\nUV-visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results confirmed that Au-\nNPs produced by sodium borohydrate and the pre-synthesized 10-nm Au-NPs were capped by MDs\nwhereas the Au-NP prepared by hydrazine sulfate as a reducing agent was entrapped by MDs.\nOptical properties of the MDs were studied by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF)\nwithin a wide range of visible spectrum. Also, based on the thermal analysis, all synthesized nanostructures\nexhibited a temperature increase using 488 nm and 514 nm wavelengths of a tunable\nargon laser. The new iron oxide-dendrimer-Au NPs synthesized by sodium borohydrate (IDANaBH4)\nproduced the highest temperature increase at 488 nm whereas the other nanostructures\nparticularly pure Au-NPs produced more heating effect at 514 nm. These findings suggest the potential\napplication of these nanocomposites in the field of bioimaging, targeted drug delivery and\ncontrolled hyperthermia....
The solar grating spectrometer is an essential tool to study the thermodynamics properties of the\nsolar atmosphere with different height distributions, but its imaging performance will be degraded\nby the wavefront aberration generalized by the atmospheric turbulence. On the other hand,\nthe narrow slit of the grating spectrometer will filter the wavefront aberration to some extent. The\ninfluence of the filter slit on the wavefront aberration and the correction requirement of the adaptive\noptics are analyzed theoretically and experimentally. We demonstrate that the influence of\nfilter slit on the different types and magnitudes of wavefront aberration is different, and the RMS\nvalue of the wavefront aberration less than 0.3 is down to below almost 60% after the filter slit,\nand it can lower the correction range requirement of the adaptive optics. The numerical simulation\nand experiment results show that: after the adaptive optics correction, the influence of the\nwavefront aberration on the spectral resolution is neglected, and the energy utilization is considerably\nimproved; both numerical simulation and experiment results are in good agreement....
Quantum mechanics is a probabilistic theory of the universe suggestive of a mean value theory\nsimilar to thermodynamics prior to the introduction of the atomic theory. If QM will follow a similar\npath to thermodynamics, then a local deterministic theory must be developed which matches\nQM predictions. There have been four tough barriers to a local theory of light, of which Bell�s\nTheorem has been considered the ultimate barrier. The other three barriers are explaining spontaneous\nemission, the reflection of a small fraction of light at a dielectric interface and the splitting\naction of a polarizer on polarized light (Malus� Law). The challenge is that in a local theory of light,\neverything must have a specific cause and effect. There can be nothing spontaneous or hidden.\nLocal solutions to all four of these barriers are presented in this paper, integrating results from\ntwo previous papers and adding the solution paths to the third and fourth barriers as well, which\nare nearly identical. A previous paper [1] used results from Einstein�s famous 1917 paper on stimulated\nemission to provide a deterministic local model for spontaneous emission. A second paper\n[2] showed that QM predictions in tests of Bell�s theorem could be matched with a local model\nby modifying the definition of entanglement in a manner invisible to quantum mechanics. This\npaper summarizes and extends those two results and then presents a deterministic model of reflection\nfrom a dielectric interface and transmission of polarized light through a polarizer that both\nmatch quantum mechanics. As the framework of a local theory of light emerges, it is not surprising\nthat we find corners of physics where small disagreements with quantum mechanics are predicted.\nA new Bell type test is described in this paper which can distinguish the local from the nonlocal\ntheory, giving predictions that must disagree slightly but significantly with quantum mechanics. If\nsuch experiments are proven to disagree with quantum mechanics, then the door to a local theory\nof light will be opened....
Loading....